What Qualifications and Trainings Does an Orthodontist Need?

Becoming an orthodontist requires a long, rigorous, and highly specialized educational path. This profession involves far more than simply applying braces or aligning teeth. Orthodontists diagnose, prevent, and treat dental and facial irregularities—tasks that demand advanced training, precision, and a deep understanding of craniofacial development. Below is a comprehensive look at the qualifications, education, training, and certifications required to enter this respected specialty.

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1. Earning a Bachelor’s Degree

The journey begins with a bachelor’s degree, typically taking four years. While dental schools do not require a specific major, most prospective students choose science-focused fields such as:

• Biology

• Chemistry

• Biochemistry

• Human physiology

These majors help students complete the necessary pre-dental prerequisites, such as organic chemistry, physics, and biology. Maintaining a strong GPA is essential, as dental school admissions are competitive. Many students also participate in job shadowing or volunteer in dental clinics to gain early exposure to patient care.

2. Taking the Dental Admission Test (DAT)

Before applying to dental school, students must take the Dental Admission Test (DAT). The exam evaluates:

• Scientific knowledge

• Academic ability

• Perceptual ability

• Reading comprehension

A high DAT score significantly strengthens an application. Because orthodontic residency programs later require top academic performance, aspiring orthodontists often begin building their competitive profile at this stage.

3. Completing a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) Program

After completing undergraduate requirements and gaining admission to dental school, students spend four more years earning either a DDS or DMD degree. Both degrees are equivalent and provide the training needed to practice general dentistry. Dental school coursework covers:

• Anatomy

• Physiology

• Oral pathology

• Microbiology

• Dental materials

• Radiology

• Pharmacology

Students also receive extensive clinical training, where they treat patients under supervision. This period helps future orthodontists build foundational dental knowledge and hands-on experience, which they will later refine in their specialty training.

4. Passing National Board Dental Examinations

To legally practice dentistry, graduates must pass a series of exams. In the United States, this includes:

• National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) Parts I and II or the newer Integrated National Board Dental Examination (INBDE)

• A regional clinical licensing exam

These assessments ensure that dentists—general or specialized—meet standardized competency requirements. Only after passing these exams can a dentist apply for orthodontic residency.

5. Completing a Specialized Orthodontic Residency

The next step is a highly competitive orthodontic residency program, typically lasting two to three years. Only a small percentage of dental school graduates are accepted. During residency, orthodontists-in-training focus specifically on diagnosing and correcting jaw and tooth alignment issues. Training includes:

• Growth and development of the craniofacial complex

• Biomechanics of tooth movement

• Orthodontic appliances (braces, aligners, expanders)

• Advanced imaging, including cephalometric and digital scans

• Treatment planning for complex cases

• Interdisciplinary care with oral surgeons, pediatric dentists, and periodontists

Residents treat numerous real patients under the supervision of experts. This hands-on training refines their clinical judgment and technical skills. Upon completion, they receive a certificate in orthodontics or a Master of Science in Orthodontics, depending on the program.

6. Obtaining State Licensure

After completing residency, the new specialist must obtain an orthodontic license in the state where they plan to practice. Licensure requirements vary but usually include:

• Proof of dental degree

• Proof of orthodontic specialty training

• Passing clinical or written specialty exams

This step ensures that the orthodontist meets state-specific standards for patient care and safety.

7. Board Certification (Optional but Prestigious)

While not required, many orthodontists pursue board certification through the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO). This rigorous process involves:

• Written examinations

• Clinical case submission

• Oral examinations

Board certification demonstrates a commitment to the highest standards in orthodontic care. Certified orthodontists must also participate in continuing education to maintain their status.

8. Continuing Education and Professional Development

Orthodontic technology evolves rapidly—clear aligners, digital treatment planning, 3D imaging, AI-driven simulations, and more. To stay current, orthodontists participate in ongoing education, workshops, seminars, and conferences. Some also join professional organizations such as:

• American Association of Orthodontists (AAO)

• American Dental Association (ADA)

• World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO)

These organizations provide access to research, professional networks, and the latest industry developments.

Final Thoughts

The path to becoming an orthodontist is lengthy—often taking 10 to 12 years of total education and training. But this rigorous preparation ensures that every orthodontist is equipped with the knowledge, precision, and expertise needed to provide safe, effective, and life-changing treatment. From aligning teeth to correcting jaw irregularities, their skills play a crucial role in both oral health and self-confidence.